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The distinction between cold and hot wave perms primarily revolves around the methods used in each process for creating curls in the hair. Cold wave perms utilize a chemical reaction to form curls without the application of heat. This process involves using alkaline solutions, which allows the hair to be wrapped around perm rods and retain the desired curl patterns once the chemicals are applied and processed. Because this technique relies on the chemistry of the products used rather than temperature, it is often referred to as "cold."

In contrast, hot wave perms, also known as warm perms, utilize heat to facilitate the curling process. This method often employs heat sources, such as heated rods or machines, to help the perm solution penetrate the hair more effectively. The heat causes the disulfide bonds in the hair to break and reform, enabling a more defined and long-lasting curl.

Understanding this difference is crucial for hairstylists as it affects the type of products used, the techniques applied, and the final results delivered to the client. The other choices offered do not accurately capture the fundamental differences in the processes involved in creating curls with each perm type.