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The type of hair treatment that modifies hair structure through chemical means is chemical treatment. This method involves applying substances that interact with the hair's molecular structure to achieve desired changes such as straightening, curling, or altering the hair's texture. For instance, chemical relaxers break down the protein bonds in curly hair, making it straight, while perm solutions reform disulfide bonds to create curls.

Other treatment types focus on different aspects of hair care: thermal treatment uses heat to change the texture temporarily, such as curling or straightening with heat tools; mechanical treatment involves physical manipulation of the hair (like cutting or styling with brushes and combs) without altering its chemical composition; and hydration treatment mainly aims to moisturize and improve the hair's overall health without changing its innate structure. Each approach serves various purposes, but when it comes to altering the fundamental composition of the hair, chemical treatment is the method of choice.